Martin Kosleck

Martin Kosleck (March 24, 1904 – January 15, 1994) played a German General in the Sanford and Son episode titled Sergeant Gork. Like many other German actors, he fled when the Nazi regime in Germany came to power. Inspired by his deep hatred of Adolf Hitler and the Nazis, Kosleck would make a career in Hollywood playing villainous Nazis in films. While in the United States, he would appear in more than 80 films and television shows in a 46-year span. His icy demeanor and piercing stare on screen made him a popular choice to play Nazi villains. He portrayed Joseph Goebbels, Adolf Hitler's propaganda minister, five times, and also appeared as an SS trooper and a concentration camp officer.

Early life in Germay and career
Kosleck was born Nicolaie Yoshkin in Barkotzen in Pomerania, Germany, the son of a forester. His family was "German-Russian". He became interested in acting at an early age. He spent six years in the Max Reinhardt Dramatic School, particularly excelling in Shakespearian roles, and working in revues and musicals in Berlin.

At the age of 23, he appeared in his first film, a silent movie directed by Johannes Brandt called Der Fahnenträger von Sedan. Two years later he appeared in Lupo Pick's Napoleon auf St. Helena. Martin would appear in two more films in Germany in 1930; the science-fiction thriller Alraune (1930) (his first sound film) and Der Singende Stadt.

The Defection: Off to Hollywood
In the early 1930s, Hitler and the Nazi Party were growing in power. Kosleck spoke out against both and decided to leave Germany in 1931 for the United Kingdom. The following year, he moved to the United States, arrived in New York City, and then traveled west to Hollywood. In 1933, when Hitler and the Nazi Party came to power, because of his opposition to the Nazis, Kosleck was placed on the Gestapo list of "undesirables".

He appeared in his first American film Fashions of 1934 starring Bette Davis. However, he found little work in Hollywood, so he returned to New York and the stage. While Kosleck was acting in The Merchant of Venice on Broadway, Anatole Litvak invited him to Hollywood for a role in a Warner Brothers film. The highly controversial Confessions of a Nazi Spy, starring Edward G. Robinson, Francis Lederer, [[Paul Lukas and George Sanders, was based on The Nazi Spy Conspiracy in America, a book by Leon Turron, an FBI agent who had uncovered the network of Nazi organizations throughout the United States. Kosleck, in a small role playing Nazi Propaganda Minister Joseph Goebbels, revealed a sinister streak of evil that would be sought after in wartime movies to come.

Many other German actors at the time resented being typecast as Nazis, Kosleck on the other hand reveled in it as a way to get back at the Nazis. He appeared in numerous anti-Nazi films of the early 1940s: Nurse Edith Cavell (1939), Espionage Agent (1940), Underground (1941), Berlin Correspondent (1942), Bomber's Moon(1943) and ''Chetniks! The Fighting Guerrillas'' (1943). However, it was his impression of Goebbels that will remain in the memories of moviegoers, especially in Paramount Pictures's 1944 pseudo-documentary The Hitler Gang.

With the end of the Second World War, roles as Nazis declined. Kosleck then moved into B-movie horror films, such as The Frozen Ghost and The Mummy's Curse (both starring Lon Chaney Jr., whom Kosleck disliked intensely), House of Horrors (1946) and She-Wolf of London (1946), starring a young June Lockhart, who later starred on the CBS sci-fi Saturday morning television series Lost in Space. The House of Horrors gave Kosleck his best-remembered role beyond Goebbels, as an insane sculptor, Marcel De Lange, who saves a monster from drowning and gets revenge by having the monster kill his critics.

Television
With fewer film opportunities presenting themselves, Kosleck returned to New York City with his wife, the German-born actress Eleonore von Mendelssohn, a descendant of Moses Mendelssohn. Kosleck appeared on Broadway in The Madwoman of Chaillot in the late 1940s and early 1950s. He would also appear on television as guests in episodes of numerous shows. In 1951, he appeared in the "I Lift Up My Lamp" episode of Hallmark Hall of Fame, a television anthology of plays and books. Throughout the 1950s and 1960s, he would appear in television episodes of The Motorola Television Hour, where he played Goebbels again, Studio One, Thriller, The Rifleman, Voyage to the Bottom of the Sea, The Outer Limits, Get Smart, Batman (playing Professor Avery Evans Charm), The Man from U.N.C.L.E., The F.B.I., The Wild Wild West, Mission: Impossible and It Takes a Thief.

In 1970, Kosleck played a Gestapo general in the television comedy Hogan's Heroes. He suffered from a heart attack in the 1970s, and thereafter worked only occasionally, mostly in television. During this time, he appeared in Love, American Style, Banacek and Sanford and Son. In 1980, he appeared in his last film, The Man with Bogart's Face.

Aside from acting, Kosleck was an accomplished painter who supported himself through his work as a portrait artist while waiting for a movie role. An impressionist-style portrait-painter, he painted both Bette Davis and Marlene Dietrich.

Latter life
In 1951, his wife committed suicide. Kosleck died at age 89, following abdominal surgery, in a Santa Monica convalescent home.